k8s安装

关闭防火墙（全部节点）

firewall-cmd --state          # 查看防火墙状态
systemctl stop firewalld      # 停止防火墙的服务
systemctl disable firewalld   # 禁止开机启动

修改hostname将多节点关联（全部节点）

# 各自机器执行各自指令，给自己的主机设置hostname
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-1.22.3-master
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-1.22.3-node01
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-1.22.3-node02

# 每一台机器都在hosts中维护互相的ip
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.20.32 k8s-1.22.3-master
192.168.20.35 k8s-1.22.3-node01
192.168.20.36 k8s-1.22.3-node02

关闭selinux（全部节点）

# 临时禁用selinux
setenforce 0
# 查看状态
sestatus -v
# 永久关闭selinux，需要重启
vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled

关闭swap（全部节点）（防止使用磁盘存储内存，oom就直接异常，使用新pod替换故障）

swapoff -a && sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
swapoff -a && sed -i '/ swap / s/^/#/' /etc/fstab

添加kubernetes的yum源（全部节点）

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

查看yum源是否可用

yum repolist

允许 iptables 检查桥接流量（全部节点）

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

sysctl --system

# 查看网桥过滤模块是否加载成功
lsmod | grep br_netfilter

配置ipvs代替iptable（全部节点）

yum install ipset ipvsadm -y

cat <<EOF> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF

chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

# 查看对应的模块是否加载成功
lsmod | grep -e -ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4

yum安装kubernetes（1.22.3版本）（全部节点）

yum install -y kubelet-1.22.3 kubeadm-1.22.3 kubectl-1.22.3

配置kubelet的cgroup

vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
KUBE_PROXY_MODE="ipvs"

kubelet开机自启

systemctl enable kubelet

下载kubeadm初始化需要用到的镜像（全部节点）

检测kubeadm安装所需要的镜像

kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=1.22.3

k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.22.3
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.22.3
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.22.3
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.22.3
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.5
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.5.0-0
k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.4

通过ali镜像源拉取镜像，将k8s.gcr.io替换成registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers后pull

如docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.22.3

最后一个coredns特例，应使用docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.4

# 拉取镜像
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.22.3
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.22.3
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.22.3
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.22.3
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.5
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.0-0
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.4

替换拉取的镜像tag为kubeadm所需要的tag

docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.22.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.22.3
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.22.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.22.3
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.22.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.22.3
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.22.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.22.3
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.5 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.5
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.0-0 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.5.0-0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.4 k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.4

集群初始化（master节点）

后面使用flannel网络打通集群内通信，所以使用pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16，在flannel的github主页有说明

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.22.3 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12

记录下kubeadm join的内容，用于工作节点加入到主节点集群中

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
 sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
 sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

 export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
 https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.20.32:6443 --token 1i8sqz.6y8xx8z90fqy1hy9 \
       --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:84fd294929f901517071c93e2bd7c179ba4848e853dbb506b7d1a7be575ccd11

master节点执行初始化成功中提示的命令

如果忘记了token，使用如下命令在master节点生成token

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

工作节点使用kubeadm join加入集群

安装flannel打通集群内的网络（master执行，自动给工作节点安装）

避免命令行无法从互联网上下载文件，我们提前从github主页提供的链接https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml下载保存到master机器上叫kube-flannel.yml

---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni-plugin
       #image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni-plugin
          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: install-cni
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.0
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.0
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
          value: "5000"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
        - name: xtables-lock
          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni-plugin
        hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
      - name: xtables-lock
        hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate

k8s部署flannel

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

查看是否与工作机联通

kubectl get nodes

安装kubernetes-dashboard

https://v1-22.docs.kubernetes.io/zh/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/

下载配置文件https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.6.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml到kubernetes-dashboard.yml

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 32659
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.2.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

修改kubernetes-dashboard的service，使用NodePort方式方便访问

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 32659
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

启动

kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yml

为dashboard所在namespace创建账户以及权限

https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/v2.2.0/docs/user/access-control/creating-sample-user.md

kubernetes-dashboard-admin-user.yml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

```shell
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard-admin-user.yml

给admin-user账户生成token

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa/admin-user -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o go-template="{{.data.token | base64decode}}"

如果忘记了token，使用如下命令查看

kubectl describe secret admin-user -n kubernetes-dashboard

安装Ingress-nginx，注意使用NodePort类型的service来实现nginx-ingress-controller，因为自建的集群不支持LoadBalancer

Centos8安装nfs

# 安装nfs
dnf install nfs-utils
# 开机自启并立即启动nfs服务
systemctl enable --now nfs-server
# 创建自己的nfs目录文件夹
mkdir xxx
# 将创建的nfs文件夹开放到nfs服务中
vim /etc/exports
# 添加内容, 在整个网段中开放
xxx(自己的目录) 192.168.0.0/24(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
# 保存文件后，刷新配置
exportfs -r

如果节点机要使用nfs，那么需要提前安装nfs

dnf install nfs-utils
# 似乎只安装就可以了不需要启动服务

k8s版本回滚

使用对象资源文件yaml的历史版本为依据来做回滚

# 查看deployment对象的历史版本
kubectl rollout history deployment deployment的名字 -n namespace
# 查看某一个版本的具体详情
kubectl rollout history deployment deployment的名字 --revision=版本号 -n namespace
# 回滚到上一个版本
kubectl rollout undo deployment deployment的名字 -n namespace
# 回滚到指定版本
kubectl rollout undo deployment deployment的名字 -n namespace --to-revision=指定版本号